For letters, they have a centre X of 16 pixels. Now we are about to draw the sprite, but we’re in the middle of where we know the letter gets drawn, why is that? Well along with the Pen and screen parameters, the sprites have their own individual offsets and spacing. This is all taken into account in the sprite sizes, but we’ll see that in a moment. For example ‘t’ subtracts 3 pixels to make sure it is drawn closer to the last letter. Like I mentioned before however, some letters are smaller, and actually subtract a number of pixels from the Pen. However wide letters like m and w add an additional 8, and this applies again if the letter is a capital, as they are twice as large in this font. This is because every letter will add 8 pixels to the PenX after they have drawn, to cover the basic width of a letter. Next, the letter is a capital E, and all capitals get 8 pixels of extra space added to the X. The first 4 characters of the intro string are spaces, which simply add 8 pixels to the PenX position. Keep in mind that the screen edges get added on when the Pen becomes coordinates for the sprite drawing function.Īfter this, we start the string. This is just to give any text a bit of space. Starting with a Pen of (0,0), a text sequence starts by clearing the screen (drawing a black rectangle at the viewport), and then setting the penX to 8 and penY to 4.
The thing is, when you put together all of the sprite offsets and pen movements, there is a ton going on to draw a single pixel of a letter. For example, you can see that the letter ‘i’ is much thinner than ‘m’, but it fits snugly between other letters as if they were a uniform size. The second, refers to both the fact that each letter drawn gets a potential delay (which can be influenced by what buttons are held or not held down), and that letters are drawn relative to their own size, and the size of the other letters. So any coordinates you give to the character drawing function will automatically assume the edges of the screen are included. The first is pretty simple, ‘Pen’ coordinates are relative to the edges of the viewport. Each letter is drawn individually, in a natural way. By which I mean, the source specifically calls it PenX and PenY.
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the password ‘certificate’, or the health bar), the game uses a virtual ‘Pen’ to do it. To draw a letter, whether it’s part of a string, or just a character on its own (ex. Whether it is the intro text, where it fades in to a fully rendered text screen, or it’s a dialog sequence that draws across the screen at a certain speed. To understand why, I need to mention first what’s going on with the text drawing at all.įor any given text, the game ‘writes’ it out to the screen. It is the individual letter drawing that gets complex. The actual text parsing is fairly straightforward.
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The process of making text render is surprisingly complicated, but not for the reason you might think. If not, it will start a new line, and if there is no room there either it will clear the screen and start at the top.
For example:įor this kind of text sequence, the game will actually check the distance before drawing a word, to see if the word will fit on the current line. There are still a few things to do for text rendering, but it can even handle ‘formatted’ text, which means the string has denoted at the start that it will use automatic page breaks and spacing. Similarly, after these text sequences, it loads the first level from story, getting the basics of the room set up, but it can’t display anything until I implement the tile drawing (and some ‘universe’ properties for getting relative positions and whatnot). It was just calling a function that couldn’t render text until now. It’s kind of neat, because every time I had tested the game ever since implementing the logic system, it was trying to display this introduction sequence. As shown above, text rendering is now implemented enough to display the introduction to the game.
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